Saturday, May 23, 2020

Biography of Christine de Pizan, Medieval Writer

Christine de Pizan (1364 to 1430), born in Venice, Italy, was an Italian writer and political and moral thinker during the late medieval period. She became a prominent writer at the French court during the reign of Charles VI, writing on literature, morals, and politics, among other topics. She  was noted for her unusually outspoken defense of women. Her writings remained influential and oft-printed through the 16th  century, and her work returned to prominence during the mid-20th  century. Fast Facts: Christine de Pizan Known For: Early feminist thinker and influential writer in the royal court of Charles VI of FranceBorn: 1364 in Venice, ItalyDied: 1430 in Poissy, FrancePublished Works: The Book of the City of Ladies, The Treasure of the City of LadiesFamous Quote:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The man or the woman in whom resides greater virtue is the higher; neither the loftiness nor the lowliness of a person lies in the body according to the sex but in the perfection of conduct and virtues.†Ã‚  (from  The Book of the City of Ladies) Early Life Pizan was born in Venice to Tommaso di Benvenuto da Pizzano, later known by the Gallicized moniker Thomas de Pizan, in reference to the family’s origins in the town of Pizzano. Thomas was a physician, astrologer, and politician in Venice, then a republic in its own right, and accepted a posting to the French court of Charles V in 1368. His family accompanied him there. Unlike many of her contemporaries, Pizan was well educated from a young age, in large part thanks to her father, who encouraged her learning and provided access to an extensive library. The French court was highly intellectual, and Pizan absorbed it all. Wed and Widowed At the age of fifteen, Pizan  married Etienne du Castel, a court secretary. The marriage was, by all accounts, a happy one. The pair were close in age, and the marriage produced three children in ten years. Etienne encouraged Pizans intellectual and creative pursuits as well. Pizans father Thomas died in 1386, with some debts outstanding. Since Thomas had been the royal favorite, the family’s fortunes were not as bright after his death. In 1389, tragedy struck again. Etienne fell ill and died, most likely from the plague, leaving Pizan a widow with three young children. With no surviving male relatives, Pizan was left as the sole supporter of her children and her mother (and a niece, according to some sources). When she attempted to claim the salary still owed to her late husband, she was forced to engage in legal battles to get what was owed. Writer at Court The royal courts of England and Milan both expressed interest in Pizans presence, but her loyalty remained with the court where she had spent nearly her entire life. The natural decision might have been to remarry, but Pizan made the decision to not seek a second husband among the men at court. Instead, she turned to her considerable writing skill as a means to support her family. At first, Pizans  output mainly consisted of love poetry in the favored styles of the era. Several of the ballads were expressions of grief over Etienne’s passing, again highlighting the genuine affection of their marriage. Pizan was highly involved in the production of her books, and her skillful poetry and embrace of Christian morals caught the eyes of many of the wealthy, titled courtiers. Writing romantic ballads was also a crucial means of gaining patrons, given the popularity of the form. As time passed, she gained many patrons, including Louis I, Duke of Orleans, Phillip, Duke of Burgundy, Marie of Berry, and even an English earl, the Earl of Salisbury. Due to her ability to utilize these powerful patrons, Pizan  was able to navigate a time of major turmoil in the French court during the reign of Charles VI, who earned the moniker â€Å"the Mad† due to his bouts of mental illness that rendered him unfit to rule for stretches of time. Pizan also wrote many of her works for and about the French royal family. In 1404, her biography of Charles V was published, and she often dedicated pieces of writing to the royals. A 1402 work was dedicated to Queen Isabeau (Charles VI’s wife) and compared the queen to the historical queen Blanche of Castile. Literary Quarrel Pizans poetry was clearly influenced by her own experience of losing her husband and being left to fend for herself, but some poems had an unusual tone that set her apart. One poem describes a fictionalized Pizan being touched by the personification of Fortune and â€Å"changed† into a male, a literary depiction of her struggles to be her family’s breadwinner and fulfill a â€Å"male† role. This was only the start of Pizans writings on gender. In 1402, Pizan  gained attention as the instigator of a famous literary debate, the â€Å"Querelle du Roman de la Rose† or the â€Å"Quarrel of the Romance of the Rose.† The debate centered on the Romance of the Rose, written by Jean de Meun, and its harsh, misogynistic depictions of women. Pizans writings defended women from these portrayals, using her extensive knowledge of literature and rhetoric to debate at a scholarly level. The Book of the City of Ladies The work for which Pizan is best known is The Book of the City of Ladies (Le Livre de la cità © des dames). In this work and its companion, The Treasure of the City of Ladies, Pizan  created an extensive allegory in defense of women, marking her as one of the earliest Western feminist authors. The central idea of the work is the creation of a great metaphorical city, constructed by and for heroic, virtuous women throughout history. In the book, Pizans  fictionalized self has a lengthy dialogue with three ladies who are the personifications of great virtues: Reason, Rectitude, and Justice. Her rhetoric is designed to critique the oppression of women and the vulgar, misogynistic attitudes of male writers of the day. It included profiles and â€Å"examples† drawn from great women of history, as well as logical arguments against oppression and sexism. Additionally, the book exhorts women of all stations to cultivate their skills and to live well. Even in the production of her book, Pizan advanced the cause of women. The Book of the City of Ladies was produced as an illuminated manuscript, which Pizan herself oversaw. Only skilled women were employed to produce it. Political Writings During Pizans  life, the French court was in considerable turmoil, with various factions constantly vying for power and the king incapacitated much of the time. Pizans writings urged unity against a common enemy (the English, with whom the French were fighting the Hundred Years’ War) rather than civil war. Unfortunately, civil war broke out around 1407. In 1410, Pizan  published a treatise on warfare and chivalry, in which she discussed the concepts of just war, treatment of troops and prisoners, and more. Her work was balanced for her time, adhering to the contemporary concept of war as divinely ordained justice but also critiquing the cruelties and crimes committed in wartime. As her connection to the royal family remained intact, Pizan  also published The Book of Peace, her final major work, in 1413. The manuscript was dedicated to the young dauphin, Louis of Guyenne, and was filled with advice on how to govern well. In her writing, Pizan advocated against civil war and advised the prince to set an example for his subjects by being wise, just, honorable, honest, and available to his people. Later Life and Death After the French defeat at Agincourt in 1415, Pizan  stepped away from court and retired to a convent. Her writing ceased, although in 1429, she wrote a paean to Joan of Arc, the only such French-language work written in Joan’s lifetime. Christine de Pizan died at the convent in Poissy, France in 1430 at the age of 66. Legacy Christine de Pizan was one of the earliest feminist writers, defending women and placing value on the perspectives of women. Her works criticized the misogyny found in classical romances and were seen as vindications of women. After her death,  The Book of the City of Ladies remained in print, and her political writings continued to circulate as well. Later scholars, most notably Simone de Beauvoir, brought Pizans works back to prominence in the twentieth century, studying her as one of the earliest instances of women who wrote in defense of other women. Sources Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Christine de Pizan and the Moral Defence of Women. Cambridge University Press, 1999.â€Å"Christine de Pisan.† Brooklyn Museum, https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/place_settings/christine_de_pisanâ€Å"Christine de Pizan Biography.† Biography, https://www.biography.com/people/christine-de-pisan-9247589Lunsford, Andrea A., editor. Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women and in the Rhetorical Tradition.  University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995.Porath, Jason. Rejected Princesses: Tales of History’s Boldest Heroines, Hellions, and Heretics. New York: Dey Street Books, 2016.

Monday, May 18, 2020

College Athletes Should Not Be Paid - 1238 Words

Over several decades, there has been the incessant question of whether college athletes should be compensated for his or her talent. The question has even lead to lawsuits over the more recent years. Although many athletes don’t have enough time to work and pay for school, the benefits derived from just attending college is far greater. As a result, college athletes should not be compensated for their abilities on the field. Many college coaches spend several years to developing each recruiting class. With each class comes the varying level of talent in every position. As for the athlete, there may be sentimental reasons as to choosing a college to play for. Some may even choose the popular and dominant college in his or her sport.†¦show more content†¦The argument that college athletes should be compensated is invalid in that colleges currently award their athletes through a variety of ways. In return for their athletic ability, colleges give full and partial scholar ships to the student athletes. â€Å"Athletic scholarships enable many students to attend college who would otherwise be excluded by economic factors† (Gerstein 51). So, athletes who lack the competence to attend college would scrape by acceptance with their physical ability. And, athletes that would otherwise be unable to receive benefits would then be awarded with scholarships that very intelligent students would miss out on. Such an privilege should be taken seriously by any athlete no matter what the expense. Unfortunately, many still feel a sense of entitlement to money and perks while in college. Furthermore, athletic scholarships greatly reduces their amount of student loan debt. â€Å"A high percentage of student-athletes graduate without the burden of student loans, which most other students accumulate† (Mitchell 3). There should be no justification that an athlete does not have time for a job or to make money. The athlete does acquires little to no debt and is still participating in sports. If tuition is an issue, then the student-athlete can have his or her parent pay for the remaining costs. Most students who attend college have parents that are college educated as well. College educated parents will, for the most part, have a career that

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1622 Words

Okonkwo. Mr.Brown. These two men are drastically different from one another. But it is only 2 things in this whole wide world that separate them. In the novel, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the fundamental differences between Okonkwo and Mr. Brown’s core beliefs as to how society should run derives from they’re interpretations of moral religious requirements and culturally accepted or rejected actions when it comes to economy, women’s rights, as well as war and military. That glaring line between their beliefs on those issues is materialism and how present materialism is in their respective religions and cultures. In Okonkwo’s culture, to be accepted, money is almost the only thing you need. The only thing more important to a man’s†¦show more content†¦To Mr.Brown’s culture, if all you care about is money, you aren’t going to be accepted often. You will be viewed as selfish, greedy and not many people will generally like you. Money is freedom in his culture, as you can do more enjoyable and expensive events with that money. But he knows that money is valueless when you die. Either you go to Heaven or Hell in his beliefs, and money is useless in both places. Therefore, an economy is clearly important to have, since probably anarchy would ensue without a stable economy system, but some people take it too seriously. Money isn’t everything in his culture. And family, memories and being a Christ following person is what really matters, not money. Those things you can’t drop on your foot, therefore materialism is viewed as evil in his society, sinc e needing tangible things is frowned upon in his society. He knows some people don’t get that, but the overall cultural beliefs are that money isn’t all to live for. In spite of Okonkwo’s beliefs on the extreme importance of money, Mr.Brown’s culture believes money is valueless when you die and isn’t the only thing to live for. In conclusion, materialism, as what someone has is how much one is worth, is viewed as highly acceptable in Umofia, while Mr.Brown believes that materials do not make a man and it’s who that person is inside is what matters. In Okonkwo’s beliefs, men are supreme and are just better than women derives from

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Oversexualization Of Women In Society - 1879 Words

The sexualization of young girls and women in society is a prevalent theme in mass media. Presently, the sexualization of females is commonly seen in various consumer items like clothes, dolls, and even in Disney movies, according to â€Å"The Sexualization of Girls Is Harmful† article. The author says that sexualization occurs when â€Å"a person’s value comes only from his or her sexual appeal or behavior; a person is held to a standard that equates physical attractiveness with being sexy; a person is sexually objectified- made into a thing for others’ sexual use; and sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a person (AboutKidsHealth).† Furthermore, the author provides statistics on how girls are being sexualized by the products they see and use†¦show more content†¦The development of visual media has introduced the concept of The Male Gaze Theory. The Male Gaze Theory is defined as how women are depicted in the media from a male perspective, such as presenting women as sexual objects for men’s pleasure (Loreck). The article, inexplicitly, talks about the male gaze: â€Å"Up to 81% of music videos contain sexual imagery, the majority of which sexually objectifies women by presenting them in revealing clothing, as decorative sexual objects, dancing sexually, or in ways that emphasize body parts or sexual readiness.† The article talks about how women are sexually presented in the media which is what the male gaze encompasses the â€Å"male gaze† is a harmful contribution to the sexualization of girls and is also seen throughout the music video. The beginning of the music video shows 50 Cent walking into a brothel-type mansion where the camera pans to focusing on the writhing, half-naked women in the foyer of the mansion. This scene is viewed from a male’s perspective because the camera focuses on their sensual movements and physical assets instead of their normal facial expressions or more appro priate places on their body. Also, since 50 Cent is the only male in the mansion, the camera is only coming from a male perspective because brothels are only truly for a male’s pleasure. The other women in the video are objectified from their revealing clothingShow MoreRelatedThe Oversexualization And Objectification Of Women1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oversexualization and Objectification of Women On all platforms of media, women and even young girls are oversexualized; thus leading to men viewing women as no more than breasts, vaginas, legs, or any other body part they prefer. Even in current television shows, movies, comic books, and advertisements, women are still depicted as sexual objects, which can damage a woman’s confidence. The oversexualization of women s bodies can degrade a young woman’s confidence, and when girls try to boostRead MoreEssay about Oversexualization in the Media1686 Words   |  7 Pagesin even more expensive and fancy heels. Her hair and makeup are obviously professionally done, and she looks absolutely beautiful sprawled out on a large bed provocatively with a rabbit on either side. And then you realize something, this isn’t a women you are looking at; it’s a girl - a 10 year old at that! (â€Å"10-Year Old Vogue Model: Pretty or Pretty Weird?†). Instantly you become repulsed and ashamed of the thoughts you had about the woman in this photo mere seconds ago (that is, before you realizedRead MoreMusic Videos Do More Harm Than Good For The Public1578 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Paper Women are objects of pleasure. A woman’s worth comes from how good she looks, not from who she is. Women have nothing else to offer but their beauty. 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I am glad that I can now share, in a school assignment a differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Advertising Industry817 Words   |  4 Pagescreativity and starting to focus more on the objectification and sexualization of women. The â€Å"Lego for adults† ad campaign gives us a clear example of how the idea of â€Å"sexual advertisement† is being exploited b y advertising companies. â€Å"Lego for adults† is a series of ads created by Lego, and just by taking a brief look at it, we can easily notice that the main focus of these ads is all about projecting the â€Å"sexualized† image of women instead of the actual product. This series of commercials first shows a typicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Wonder Woman903 Words   |  4 Pages Wonder Woman is an inspirational hero for both women and men – she represents bravery and strength while simultaneously demonstrating the importance of treating people with justice and love. Gloria Steinem touches on these characteristics in her essay, mentioning the uniqueness of Wonder Woman’s actions comparative to other male and violent characters (267). Undoubtedly, Wonder Woman is a complex and valiant character who has been challenging sexism and stereotypes for nearly an entire century.Read MoreWar Is Equally Physical And Emotional1943 Words   |  8 PagesWar is equally physical and emotional; the art of war requires tactic and strength to participate in. Advertisers use a battle strategy to convince the consumers and society that their product is worth spending their money on. Unfortunately advertisers use unfair advantages such as celebrity endorsements to convey and manipulate the consumer. The reinforcements are the elite in their careers; these celebrities are fighting this battle become a role model for the an entire army and a perfect imageRead MoreThe Effects Of Sex Industry On South Africa s Human Trafficking Problem883 Words   |  4 Pages Commoditizing sex is not a novel concept, it has been around for much of our history, and yet there is much more talk of the sex industry in modern society than it has been in the past. Part of the reason for this has been the oversexualization of Hollywood and the belief that fame is a commodity. Even fleeting fame is idolized, and people ignore the means of achieving fame at the prospect of earning those alluring so-called â₠¬Å"fifteen minutes of fame†. The film Hot Girls Wanted exemplifies thisRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Perceptions Of Image, Gender Roles, And Overall Self Worth Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesstereotypes are especially geared towards women, suggesting that they have to look and act in an overtly feminine manner in order to be accepted by society. Though there are stereotypical qualities of men illustrated in media as well, they are mostly suggesting that men are dominant and hold more power than women. Therefore, women are more negatively affected by the media than men through stereotypes and gender roles implying they aren’t capable of doing what men can. Women in the media are underrepresented

Writing and Comprehensive Form Free Essays

Description of Reading and Writing Measures Standardized Test Description KTEA II Reading comprehension and Written Expression The Reading comprehension and written expression subtests were given and scored. The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Second Edition is an individually administered measure of academic achievement for ages 4 and a half through 25. The test is available in two versions: the Brief form which assesses the achievement of reading , mathematics, written expression; and the Comprehensive Form which covers a wide range of achievement domains and an analysis of students’ errors. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing and Comprehensive Form or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Comprehensive Form, Second Edition represents a revision of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement Comprehensive Form. The KTEA –II Comprehensive Form has an expanded age range and has retained the five subtests from the original KTEA and has modified to allow for testing of children and adults from preschool-age through college-age. Nine new subtests have been added to allow for assessment of a broad range of achievement domains and skills. KTEA-II Comprehensive Form age norms are provided for ages 4 and a half through 25, and grade norms are provided for Kindergarten through Grade 12. KTEA III Comprehensive Form is curriculum-based it provides norm-referenced and error analysis systems, criterion-referenced assessment in reading, mathematics, written language, and oral language. The KTEA-II Comprehensive Form has two independent , parallel forms (A and B) and the KTEA-II Brief Form norms at ages 4 and a half through 90. These three non-overlapping batteries make the KTEA II useful for measuring student progress. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form make it an important tool for assessing academic achievement. The KTEA II measures achievement in reading, mathematics, written language, and oral language and allows the examiner to administer a single subtest or a combination of subtests to assess achievement in one or more domains. All seven specific learning disability areas identified in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendment of 1997 (IDEA,1997)are measured: basic reading skills, reading comprehension, mathematics calculation, mathematics, reasoning, oral expression, listening comprehension, and written expression. The KTEA Comprehensive Form like the KTEA was developed from a clinical model of assessment. Curriculum experts defined specific sub skills measured by each subtest and the different types of errors students are likely to make on each subtest. Standardization data guided the final error analysis System. KTEA-II Comprehensive Form content has undergone bias reviews to ensure that students of either sex and ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds can be assessed. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form was normed using two separate representative, nationwide standardizations, one in the fall and one in the spring. The procedure accurately measures students’ performance both at the beginning and end of he year. The KTEA-II Comprehensive Form is conformed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition. The KTEA II Comprehensive Form is a reliable, valid measure of academic achievement. The KTEA II allows the examiner to observe the student’s test taking behavior, motivation, and visual-motor coordination. The two parallel forms make it an ideal instrument for longitudinal studies. KTEA II Written Expression subtest Description of writing task Students are administered an item set based on their grade. (3rd Grade) Following assessment directions from the KTEA II manual and easel, I provided the Level 3 booklet and a pencil to my student. The written expression booklet is titled Kyra’s Dragon. I explain to my student following the provided directions from the easel that this story is about a girl named Kyra and the dragon she has to find. As we go through the story, you’ll write some of the words and sentences. This is similar to the â€Å"cloze† technique that was used in the informal assessment, The McLeod Assessment of Reading Comprehensions. ) I tell my student to write the best words and sentences he can and not to worry if he doesn’t know how to spell a word – spelling won’t count. The first item we starts with is #31 I say â€Å" Let’s start by writing your full name here† and I point to the to of the booklet. The next item #32, my st udent writes the sentence â€Å"The dragon carries people away. † That I dictate. Tets: Writing Skills On item #3 my student has to write one word to complete the sentence â€Å" The king says to Kyra, â€Å"Finding the dragon_____________ save us all. † For item #34, my student has to write one good sentence to complete a part of the story, â€Å" Kyra’s Dragon. This fill in the blank interactive story goes on with similar tasks inserting words, sentences, combining sentences, proper word usage of specific words and punctuation into the story booklet until my student gets item # 49. Item #49 is where my student must complete a timed retell of the entire story, pretending my student is the king’s scribe. My student must retell the story of Kyra’s dragon so that his grandchildren will know how people came to live in their new town. He is given 10 minutes to complete his retell. My task as administrator of this test is to follow the script on the easel, read the prompts, and point to the correct place for the student to write his answers. This took about 25 minutes to administer. I am allowed to repeat story segments and item instructions if necessary. I may also tell a student how to spell a word if they ask, since spelling is not scored in this subtest, but only if examinee asks for assistance. How to cite Writing and Comprehensive Form, Essay examples

Music during WW and how it played a role. Essay Example For Students

Music during WW and how it played a role. Essay World War 2 was made to help get people through depression and motivate the men and women fighting in Europe and Asia. Everyone was into patriotism at this time including the music they listened to. At this time music has expanded its demographic to younger audiences, before it popular music was mainly appealing for adults. It contained many uplifting styles of music such as swing, be- bop, and country. For example Frank Sinatra became very popular to the young teenage demographic. He was the first singing teen idol. He created more swinging music to help with the ar with songs like The Birth of the Blues. Joy Stafford also became famous with her romantic World War 2 ballads. Most of her songs helped the troops overseas remember their wives and girlfriends back home. Other songs also helped like America Calling by Meredith Wilson, which helped boost morale of the country and convinced men to enlist into the armed services. It reminds them about what this war is about and to support it. Angels of Mercy by Irving Berlin, which was created after the bombing of Pearl Harbor dedicating the American Red Cross nurses, portraying them as Angels of Mercy wounded victims overseas. Back Home For Keeps by Carmen Lombard, which is about a wife waiting for her husband to return home. This song gave a good mood and also helped support the war. Cowards Over Pearl Harbor by Fred Rose, which gave great American Spirit by talking about how America will over Japan, the evil country. G. L. Blues by Floyd Italian, which describes the view of an American Soldier at war. It describes them as being lazy and doing nothing, which makes him depressed and mating to come home. His thinks that if they continue to have lazy soldiers, America will not be able to win. Hello Mom by Eddie Attenuated, which was about more about the propaganda during the war and gave more morale. Plus, it also supported the war bonds. It helped the parents who had a son in the war make them feel better. Ma! I Miss You Apple Pie by a 6. 1. At a training camp, which summed up what America is fighting for. The Apple Pie symbolizes Americas Freedom and how a soldier misses his Apple Pie. Wonder When My Babys Coming Home by Kermit Google and Arthur Kent, which is yet another song about a wife or girlfriend waiting for her lover to come home, waiting in her house. Ive been Drafted Now Im Drafting You by Lyle Moraine Chuck Foster, which is about the pains about separation and a soldier convincing his girlfriend to be proud to so him in uniform. In conclusion, the music during World War 2 where mainly about the war, patriotism, propaganda, and much more with lyrics that helped Americans get through the war years. Music during WWW and how it played a role. By Parkinson

Friday, May 1, 2020

Christianity and Creed free essay sample

Creed is a vital word used; it may be complex to relative simple statements. The statement of faith, â€Å"What I believe†, or â€Å"My Credo†, it is my partake of my current self expressed in writing. Many faith statements or declarations of belief became known as creeds (from Latin credo, I believe). Mighty acts of God, grand beginnings as well as heresy and persecution were some of the typical circumstances which gave birth to creeds. As B. H. Carroll said, â€Å"Whatever a man believes, that is his creed and is bound to be his basis of life. † I also ask this question, We live by faith (2 Co 5:7). But we must ask: What is my faith? How would I express it? Does it harmonize with Scripture? What beliefs have I in common with other Christians? I still find it difficult to put to writing and my personal collective thoughts and foundations. My profound reference is always to the Baptist Faith and Message and the Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity and Creed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acknowledgement is also given to Rick Warren, â€Å"The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, or even your happiness. It’s far greater than your family, your career, or even your wildest dreams and ambitions. If you want to known why you were placed on this planet, you must begin with God. † The creed gives the purpose, it affirms the belief. My creed is in the context of religion, but I also to take to heart there are many sorts of creeds that hold people, corporations, organizations, and associations together. The creed is a personal bond to uphold, cherish, and a commitment. [3] My deepest creed is in the doctrine of Humanity, which I constantly make more effort to expand. The brotherhood we share among each other and the uniqueness brought forward by much more need than the basic elements. We are made in the image of God. [1] We are the highest of the creatures, â€Å"Origin of Humanity†, conferred by God. Secondly, I also refer or take in the doctrine of Sin. Sin is three letters that describe to me a wrong or try to avoid. Sin is Sin and my deep remorse that our culture fails to acknowledge this or sugar coats the sins to a lesser degree. I believe that sin will always be with us and it must be acknowledged. Man’s nature to sin; however, I keep in mind that freewill is given to us by God. A choice given, we can overcome many obstacles in sin. Every Christian and every Baptist has at least an informal creed. This creed may or may be disclosed profoundly. Of course, Baptists always have been formal creedalists. This is inherent in the name â€Å"Baptist,† which says something about what we believe about baptism. Baptists have always insisted on defining the boundaries of their faith, beginning with the General Baptists’ Short Confession of Faith in Twenty Articles (1609) and the Particular Baptists’ London Confession of 1644, and continuing to the current Baptist Faith and Message. As William Lumpkin wrote a number of years ago, â€Å"few Christian groups have confessed their faith so freely as the Baptists. † [2] The Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are summoned as one. I believe in these three as one. I believe in my right to express my Christian faith to all I come in contact with and that freedom given to me by those who stood on faith before me. I believe that our Christian faith must be defended against the darkness and hold accountable those who neglect to uphold moral and ethics in our global society.